Dominant vs. Submissive Dog Body Language: How to Read the Signs

Dogs don’t talk, but they communicate all the time. Through posture, movement, and expression, they show what they’re feeling—confident, nervous, curious, defensive. Knowing the difference between dominant and submissive body language can help you understand your dog better and avoid conflict between dogs.

Here’s what to look for.

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What “Dominance” Really Means

First, let’s clear something up: dominance in dogs isn't about being aggressive or “trying to be alpha.” It’s context-based. A dominant dog might take charge in social settings, but it doesn’t mean they're aggressive. Likewise, submissive behavior isn’t weakness—it’s how dogs signal peace and avoid conflict.

Let’s break down the body language.

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Dominant Dog Body Language

A dog showing dominance is typically confident and in control of the space. Here are the signs:

Erect posture: The dog stands tall with their weight centered.

Tail up: High and sometimes wagging slowly or stiffly—not a happy wag.

Ears forward or upright: Shows alertness and confidence.

Direct eye contact: Holding another dog’s gaze can be a challenge.

Mouth closed or slightly open: But not panting or relaxed.

Standing over another dog: Literally taking the higher ground.

Mounting behavior: Not always sexual—can be a dominance move.

Slow, deliberate movements: A confident dog doesn’t rush.

This posture says, “I’m in charge here.” It doesn’t mean the dog is aggressive—but if challenged, they might react.

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Submissive Dog Body Language

A submissive dog wants to avoid conflict. They’re signaling, “I’m not a threat.” Watch for:

Lowered body: Crouching or slinking down.

Tucked tail: Or low and wagging softly.

Ears back or flattened: A sign of nervousness or deference.

Avoiding eye contact: Looking away or lowering the head.

Licking lips or yawning: Stress signals, not always about being tired or hungry.

Rolling over and showing belly: The ultimate peace sign.

Submissive urination: Common in puppies or nervous dogs.

These signals often come in clusters. A dog who’s lying down, licking their lips, and avoiding eye contact is clearly not looking for a fight.

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Why This Matters

Reading dog body language can:

Prevent fights: You’ll know when to step in before things escalate.

Help with training: A dog that looks “stubborn” might just be nervous.

Improve socialization: You’ll match your dog with compatible playmates.

Strengthen your bond: You’ll respond better to what your dog is actually saying.

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Watch the Whole Dog—and the Context

One signal isn’t enough. A wagging tail can mean excitement or agitation, depending on the rest of the body. Always look at the full picture and consider the environment—what just happened, who else is around, and what’s about to happen.

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Final Tip: Stay Calm, Stay Smart

If you notice dominant signals turning into stiff, tense behavior—intervene early. If you see a submissive dog getting overwhelmed—give them space. Being able to read the signals keeps everyone safe and helps your dog feel understood.

Dominant vs. submissive dog body language